Let’s say you have a manager who makes all the decisions. Now let’s say you don’t find your job particularly rewarding. But (with apologies to Mark Twain), I repeat myself.

Now say you’d like to improve the situation through the art of managing up. Some background on organizational decision-making will help:

As with everything else that has to get done, decisions are subject to the six dimensions of optimization: Fixed cost, incremental cost, cycle time, throughput, quality, and excellence.

Authoritarian decisions have low fixed and incremental costs, short cycle times, and high throughput. That’s all good. Their quality, however, is spotty, and with them, excellence (the catch-all category for positive attributes like flexibility and creativity that aren’t easily measured), is in short supply. Excellence is where broad commitment and buy-in would be categorized, and with authoritarian decisions there’s none of it.

Unlike consensus, where this form of excellence is the major saving grace.

The accompanying table summarizes the comparison between authoritarian decision-making and the other available decision styles (note that delegation’s attributes depend on the decision style chosen by the assignee).

Fixed Cost

Incremental Cost

Cycle Time

Throughput

Quality (Absence of Defects)

Excellence (The Above and Beyond Stuff)

Authoritarian

Low

Low

Short

Very Good

Poor

Poor

Consensus

High

High

Long

Poor

Modest

Very Good

Consultation

Low

Modest

Modest

Good

High

Very Good

Delegation

Low

Modest

Depends

Very Good

Very Good

Very Good

Democracy

High

High

Modest

Modest

Poor

Poor

Why do many managers prefer authoritarian decision-making? It might be the aforementioned endorphin rush, but more likely it’s due to:

  • Simple impatience: All other forms of decision-making take more time and attention.
  • Cost and time: Even a patient person might not choose to invest significant amounts of staff time and attention to the decisions that have to get made.
  • The company they keep: Hear “We aren’t going to hold hands singing Kumbaya,” enough times and anyone, your boss included, will think twice about entertaining anyone else’s thoughts before making a decision.
  • Lack of awareness: They don’t realize there are alternatives other than authoritarianism and consensus.

So there you are, working for someone who excludes your entire team from all decisions. How do you get them to spread the joy?

The odds-on, risk-free course of action: You don’t. Most authoritarian decision-makers used this mode throughout their career. And as thus far they’ve done better in their career than the people who report to them have done in theirs (by definition), they have little reason to change.

Also … the problem is that they aren’t interested in your opinion, right? If they aren’t, they certainly aren’t interested in your opinion about the value of asking your opinion.

Odds are you won’t be able to do anything about it. So trying to change things means sticking your neck out –lot of chance for downside and not much for improvement.

Sorry.

But if you insist, here are two alternatives that might have at least some impact:

Open-door policy: Yes, most open-door policies have more in common with pressure-relief valves than with drive train components, but unless you think your boss’s boss is incapable of basic discretion (unlikely, as indiscretion is a career-limiting character trait), the only risk is your manager seeing you walking through the open door and asking you what that was all about. Have an unthreatening generic explanation ready, just in case.

The basic rules for using the open door are to (1) be calm and confident; and (2) make a business case, not a personal case.

Calm and confident matters. Sound upset and emotional and it’s about you, not your manager. You want to sound like you’re your manager’s social and business equal, where your roles could easily be reversed and nothing untoward would come of it.

As for making a business case rather than a personal case, this means focusing on how much better your manager’s decisions would be if the experts he/she hired were in a position to influence them (and be prepared with some examples). Don’t focus on exclusion’s impact on morale. This is business. The unimportant schmucks at the bottom have hurt feelings and morale that depends on managerial feel-good behavior. You don’t want to sound like one of them.

Confidant/protégé: Even the most autocratic managers have employees they confide in and (sometimes) help in their careers. There are so many reasons to want this role that using it to suggest more staff inclusion in decision-making is almost a waste.

If you can achieve confidant-hood or protégé-dom, you can use it to suggest more inclusion. But on the other hand: If you’re in this position, your manager already includes you in decisions. Are you sure you want to be so altruistic as to try to spread the wealth?

Suggestion: Don’t, other than suggesting something like, “You know, Jim, Angela knows a lot about this subject. Why not just delegate the decision to her?” if the opportunity presents itself.

That’s enough. It might even make the point.

“Managing up” takes more than just flattering toadyism and “personal branding.”

There is, for example, the art of teaching your manager her (or his) job without her realizing that this is what you’re up to.

Last week’s missive provided some techniques for helping your manager delegate better, disguised as techniques for receiving assignments better. Where else might your desire to be an excellent employee collide with your manager’s less-than-complete eptitude?

Here’s one that drives many employees crazy: An inability to get decisions made quickly and effectively. If you sometimes feel like screaming, “Just make a decision! Any decision! It doesn’t matter what it is, so long as we know which way ‘forward’ is!” here’s how to handle the situation:

Start by understanding the different ways leaders make decisions, and what each of them is good for. Here’s the short version (for the long version, read Chapter 4 of Leading IT: <Still> The Toughest Job in the World, by yours truly, 2011):

  • Authoritarian: “I’m the boss. This is the decision.” It’s the right answer for a crisis, when any decision right now beats a great decision made long after the battle is over. It’s cheap and quick. Like most everything that’s made cheaply and quickly, quality suffers. Also, there’s no buy-in.
  • Consensus: “I don’t agree with it, but I do agree to it.” Consensus is authoritarianism’s polar opposite — slow and expensive, and with high buy-in. Also, consensus decisions involve compromise, so at best, quality is decent. Consensus is for the big decisions, when buy-in matters more than anything else.
  • Consultative: “I want everyone to tell me what they think. Then I’ll decide.” It’s the manager’s workhorse, with enough involvement for buy-in and enough information for quality, without the compromises that degrade consensus decisions and without the endless discussions that delay them.
  • Delegated: “You know more about this than I do, so you make the decision. Step one: Decide which decision style you plan to use.” Usually, the right answer to step one is for the assignee to make it consultatively.
  • Democratic (aka voting): Don’t do it! Democratic decision-making is the right answer for choosing delegates and representatives. It’s the only possible fallback when nobody has authority and a group can’t reach consensus. But it’s awful, with poor quality and mediocre buy-in.

How does this knowledge help you?

If your manager is stuck in consensus, it’s probably out of either fear or ignorance — fear that without a consensus process you and your colleagues won’t buy in; ignorance that there are alternatives. (If your manager is stuck in authoritarianism you have a very different problem, which we’ll take on next week.)

So depending on the decision that isn’t getting made, here are two tactics you can use that will get it made, while making you look good and without embarrassing your manager. Call them the “It’s okay to lead, Fred” tactic and the “I volunteer Jane” ploy, Fred being your manager; Jane being a colleague.

Use the “It’s okay to lead, Fred” tactic when your manager should be making a consultative decision. It works like this: You say, “May I make a suggestion? We seem to be spinning our wheels here. Speaking just for myself, I’m willing to go with whatever decision you make, Fred. And so long as I feel like you heard what I have to say about it first, I’ll even be happy with it. How about the rest of you?”

The “It’s okay to lead, Fred” tactic accomplishes three goals at once: (1) It forces your manager to choose the optimal decision style (consultation). (2) It stiffens your manager’s spine. And (3) it puts everyone else in a box — after all, who is going to be say, out loud, that no, they won’t go along with the manager’s decision, once you’ve said you will?

Use the “I volunteer Jane” ploy when one person in the room knows a lot more about the subject than anyone else — when delegation is the right style. Which is all you have to say: “I have a suggestion, Fred. Jane is our expert in this subject. Why are we all getting an equal say in it? I say, delegate the decision to Jane and let’s move on. What do the rest of you think?”

Once again, you’ve forced your manager into the optimal decision style, and you’ve put everyone else in a box.

Meanwhile, Jane will either love you for this or hate you intensely, depending on how much work it promises to be and how risky the decision is.

But hey, you can’t have everything.